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| Macula |
the area of the retina that allows fine details to be observed at the centre of vision; also refers to any small, flat spot on the skin |
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| Macular degeneration |
gradual loss of vision due to deterioration of nerve tissue in the retina |
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| Magnesium |
a mineral that is essential for many body functions, including nerve impulse transmission, formation of bones and teeth, and muscle contraction |
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| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create high-quality cross-sectional images of the body without using radiation |
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| Malabsorption |
an impaired ability of the lining of the small intestine to absorb nutrients from food |
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| Malaria |
a parasitic disease spread by mosquitoes that causes chills and fever; potentially fatal complications in the liver, kidneys, blood, and brain are possible |
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| Malformation |
abnormal development of an organ or tissue |
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| Malignant |
a word used to describe a condition that is characterised by uncontrolled growth and/or that can be fatal, such as a cancerous tumour |
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| Malignant hyperthermia |
a reaction to certain anaesthesia gases involving intense muscle contractions and a high fever |
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| Malignant melanoma |
the most serious type of skin cancer, in which a mole changes shape, darkens, becomes painful, and/or bleeds easily |
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| Mallory-Weiss syndrome |
a condition associated with alcoholism in which the lower end of the oesophagus tears, causing vomiting of blood |
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| Mammography |
an X-ray procedure done to detect breast cancer |
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| Mammoplasty |
a general term for a cosmetic operation on the breasts; includes breast reduction, enlargement, and reconstruction after a mastectomy |
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| Mandible |
another term for the lower jaw |
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| Mania |
a mental disorder characterised by extreme excitement, happiness, over-activity, and agitation; usually refers to the high of the highs and lows experienced in manic-depressive disorder |
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| Manic-depressive disorder |
a mental disorder characterised by extreme mood swings, including either mania, depression, or a continuing shift between the two extremes |
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| MAO inhibitor |
see Monoamine oxidise inhibitor antidepressant |
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| Marfan's syndrome |
a rare genetic disorder that affects connective tissue, leading to abnormalities of joints, bones, tendons, ligaments, arteries, and/or the heart |
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| Mast cell |
a type of cell present in most body tissues that releases substances in response to an allergen, which causes symptoms such as inflammation |
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| Mastectomy |
a surgical procedure in which all or part of the breast is removed to prevent the spread of cancer |
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