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| Caesarean section |
an operation performed to remove a foetus by cutting into the uterus, usually through the abdominal wall |
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| Calcification |
the depositing of calcium salts in the body, which occurs normally in teeth and bones but abnormally in injured muscles and narrowed arteries |
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| Calcitonin |
a hormone made in the thyroid gland that controls calcium levels in the blood by slowing the loss of calcium from bones; used to treat hypercalcaemia (excess calcium in the blood) |
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| Calcium |
a plentiful mineral in the body and the basic component of teeth and bones; essential for cell function, muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, and blood clotting |
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| Calcium channel blocker |
a drug used to treat chest pain, high blood pressure, and irregular heartbeat by preventing the movement of calcium into the muscle |
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| Callus |
a thickened area of skin due to consistent pressure or friction, or the area around a bone break where new bone is formed |
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| Calorie |
a unit that is used to measure the energy content in food |
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| Canal |
a tunnel-like passage |
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| Cancer |
a group of diseases in which cells grow unrestrained in an organ or tissue in the body; can spread to tissues around it and destroy them or be transported through blood or lymph pathways to other parts of the body |
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| Cancer staging |
a method to determine how much a cancer has developed |
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| Candidiasis |
a yeast infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans; occurs most often in the vagina, but also in the mouth, on moist skin, or on the penis |
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| Canker sore |
small, painful sore that usually occurs on the inside of the lip or cheek, or sometimes under the tongue; caused by bacteria, irritation of the area, stress, or allergies |
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| Capillary |
a tiny blood vessel that connects the smallest arteries to the smallest veins and allows exchange of oxygen and other materials between blood cells and body tissue cells |
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| Carbohydrate |
a substance, mainly sugar and starch, that is a main source of energy for the body and is found in sources such as cereals, breads, pastas, grains, and vegetables |
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| Carbon dioxide |
a colourless, odourless gas present in small amounts in the atmosphere and formed during respiration |
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| Carcinogen |
anything that can cause cancer |
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| Carcinoma |
a cancer that occurs on the surface or lining of an organ |
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| Cardiac arrest |
the sudden cessation of the heart's pumping action, possibly due to a heart attack, respiratory arrest, electrical shock, extreme cold, blood loss, drug overdose, or a severe allergic reaction |
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| Cardiogenic shock |
a severely dangerous condition involving decreased blood output from the heart, usually as a result of a heart attack |
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| Cardiomegaly |
a condition marked by enlargement of the heart, either because of a thickened heart muscle or an enlarged heart chamber; usually a result of the heart having to work harder than normal, as occurs with high blood pressure |
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