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| B cell |
a white blood cell that makes antibodies to fight infections caused by foreign proteins |
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| B lymphocyte |
a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies and is an important part of the immune response |
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| Bacillus |
any bacteria that is rod-shaped; responsible for diphtheria, dysentery, tetanus, and tuberculosis, as well as other diseases |
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| Bacteraemia |
a condition in which bacteria are present in the bloodstream; may occur after minor surgery or infection and may be dangerous for people with a weakened immune system or abnormal heart valves |
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| Bacteriostatic |
term used to describe a substance that stops the growth of bacteria (such as an antibiotic) |
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| Bacterium |
a tiny, single-celled micro-organism, commonly known as a germ; some bacteria, called pathogens, cause disease |
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| Bacteriuria |
bacteria in the urine; large amounts can indicate bladder, urethra, or kidney infection |
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| Ball-and-socket joint |
a joint consisting of a ball-shaped bone that fits into a cup-shaped bone, making the joint free to rotate; examples include the hip and shoulder |
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| Balloon angioplasty |
a technique that uses a balloon catheter to open arteries clogged with fatty deposits |
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| Balloon catheter |
a hollow tube with a small, inflatable balloon at the tip; used to open a narrowed artery or organ that has become blocked |
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| Barbiturates |
a group of sedatives that reduce activity in the brain; are habit-forming and are possibly fatal when taken with alcohol |
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| Barium enema |
a technique in which barium is placed into the large intestine and rectum and then X-rays are taken to check for possible disorders of these organs |
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| Barrier method of contraception |
a birth-control technique using a condom, diaphragm, or another similar device to block the path of sperm to an egg |
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| Bartholin's glands |
two pea-sized glands that, when sexually aroused, release a fluid that lubricates the vagina |
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| Basal cell carcinoma |
a type of skin cancer that is caused by exposure to large amounts of sunlight; commonly found on the neck, face, and arms |
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| Basal metabolic rate |
the lowest rate at which a person can possibly use energy and remain alive; at this rate, only absolutely necessary functions such as breathing are maintained |
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| BCG vaccine |
a vaccine used to protect against tuberculosis |
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| Becker's muscular dystrophy |
a hereditary disease in which the muscles weaken and waste away; similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy but starts later in life and advances more slowly |
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| Bell's palsy |
another name for facial palsy, the usually one-sided, temporary numbing of the facial muscles, caused by an inflamed nerve |
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| Bends |
see Decompression sickness |
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