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| Abdominal cavity |
the part of the body between the bottom of the ribs and the top of the thighs, containing most of the digestive and urinary systems along with some reproductive organs |
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| ABO blood groups |
The system by which human blood is classified, based on proteins occurring on red blood cells; the four classification groups are A, AB, B, and O |
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| Abortion |
termination of a pregnancy; can occur because of natural causes (called a miscarriage) or be a medical intervention |
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| Abscess |
an accumulation of pus in a body tissue, usually caused by a bacterial infection |
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| ACE inhibitor |
a drug typically used to treat high blood pressure (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitor) |
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| Achilles tendon |
the tendon at the back of the lower leg that connects the calf muscle to the heel bone |
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| Acid reflux |
a disorder in which acid in the stomach comes up into the oesophagus, because the valve separating the stomach and oesophagus does not function properly |
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| Acid-base balance |
the mechanisms that the body uses to keep its fluids close to neutral (neither basic nor acidic) so that the body can function properly |
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| Acidosis |
a condition marked by abnormally high acid levels in the blood, associated with some forms of diabetes, lung disease, and severe kidney disease |
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| Acne |
a skin condition characterised by inflamed, pus-filled areas that occur on the skin's surface, most commonly occurring during adolescence |
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| Acquired |
a word describing any condition that is not present at birth, but develops some time during life |
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| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes a weakening of the immune system |
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| Acute |
describes a condition or illness that begins suddenly and is usually short-lasting |
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| Acute respiratory disease |
an urgent condition in which oxygen levels in the blood are lower than normal and breathing is difficult |
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| Addiction |
dependence on a substance (such as alcohol or other drugs) or an activity, to the point that stopping is very difficult and causes severe physical and mental reactions |
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| Adenitis |
infection and inflammation of a gland, especially a lymph node |
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| Adipose tissue |
another term for fatty tissue; it stores energy, insulates, and cushions the body |
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| Adjuvant therapy |
the use of drugs or radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer along with surgery |
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| Adrenal failure |
a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones that control important functions such as blood pressure |
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| Adrenal glands |
two small glands located on top of the kidneys that secrete several important hormones into the blood |
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